TIMP-3 enhanced proliferation of HSCs and promoted expansion of multipotent progenitors
extracellular matrix (ECM)
細胞外基質(ECM)
In this review article, we will focus on the function of cardiac fibroblasts in the context
of ECM formation, homeostasis and remodeling in the heart.
在這篇綜述文章中,我們將關注心臟成纖維細胞在ECM形成,體內穩態和心臟重塑的背景下的功能。
Cardiac fibroblasts (CFBs)
心臟成纖維細胞 (CFBs)
Myofibroblasts
肌成纖維細胞
In response to appropriate stimuli, most commonly myocardial injury,
CFBs can differentiate into myofibroblasts (myoFBs), which are more mobile and contractile
with a greater synthetic ability to produce ECM proteins [23].
為了響應適當的刺激,最常見的是心肌損傷,CFBs可以分化為肌成纖維細胞(myoFBs)
,這種肌成纖維細胞更具活動性和收縮性,具有更強的合成能力來產生ECM蛋白[23]。
Cardiac injury triggers CFBs to be differentiated to myoFBs, which have a stronger
ability to produce ECM proteins
心臟損傷導致CFBs分化為myoFBs,myoFBs具有更強的ECM蛋白產生能力。
MyoFB have been demonstrated to play a key role in reparative fibrosis in the infarcted heart
已經證明MyoFB在梗塞心臟的修復性纖維化中起關鍵作用
TGFβ induces the transdifferentiation of CFBs into myoFBs and increases collagen expression
TGFβ誘導CFBs轉分化為myoFBs並增加膠原蛋白表達[23]
Origins of cardiac fibroblasts
心臟成纖維細胞的起源
CFBs are derived from mesenchymal cells.
CFB衍生自間充質細胞。
CFBs synthesize the ECM proteins while also producing the enzymes that degrade
these proteins, and inhibitors of these enzymes.
CFB合成ECM蛋白,同時還產生降解這些蛋白質的酶,以及這些酶的抑製劑。
讓椎間盤再生的間充質幹細胞要靠鎂鋅來增殖
Overexpression of Ad-TIMP1, Ad-TIMP2, Ad-TIMP3 and Ad-TIMP4 increased αSMA levels,indicating differentiation of CFBs into myoFBs. Ad-TIMP2 increased collagen synthesis by CFBs
Ad-TIMP1,Ad-TIMP2,Ad-TIMP3和Ad-TIMP4的過表達增加αSMA水平,表明CFB分化成myoFB。
Ad-TIMP2通過CFB增加膠原合成
α-SMA Alpha-Smooth Muscle Actin
Alpha-SMA平滑肌肌動蛋白
TIMPs and other protease inhibitors interfere in the fibrotic process.
Exposure of cardiac fibroblasts to any of the four TIMPs stimulates cell proliferation and induces a significant increase of α-SMA but only TIMP-2 increases both fibroblast proliferation and collagen production [81].
只有TIMP-2增加成纖維細胞增殖和膠原蛋白的產生
TIMP-2蛋白和mRNA表達由IL-4以劑量和時間依賴性方式誘導
能提高IL-4的元素:鋅、維生素A
總結以上:
心臟損傷導致心臟成纖維細胞 (CFBs)分化為肌成纖維細胞(myoFBs)→產生ECM蛋白→心臟的修復
CFB衍生自間充質細胞、間充質幹細胞要靠鎂鋅來增殖、只有TIMP-2增加成纖維細胞增殖和膠原蛋白的產生、TIMP-2蛋白和mRNA表達由IL-4以劑量和時間依賴性方式誘導
造血幹細胞可促進心肌再生、TIMP-3增強了造血幹細胞(Hematopoietic stem cells, HSCs)的增殖、發現TIMP-3被IL-4顯著上調
因此
主要修復心臟的營養應該是鋅、維它命A
建議一天一粒男性/女性善存綜合維它命礦物質(未成年則補充小善存)+多喝豆漿補充修復細胞的胺基酸